A message is encrypted using numbers where each number corresponds to a different letter of the alphabet. Decipher the following encoded text:
1317247191772413816720713813920257178
Prove that the following inequalities hold for the Brockard angle \(\varphi\):
a) \(\varphi ^{3} \le (\alpha - \varphi) (\beta - \varphi) (\gamma - \varphi)\) ;
b) \(8 \varphi^{3} \le \alpha \beta \gamma\) (the Jiff inequality).
Ten circles are marked on the circle. How many non-closed non-self-intersecting nine-point broken lines exist with vertices at these points?
A passenger left his things in an automatic storage room, and when he came to get his things, it turned out that he had forgotten the code. He only remembers that in the code there were the numbers 23 and 37. To open the room, you need to correctly type a five-digit number. What is the least number of codes you need to sort through in order to open the room for sure?
How many nine-digit numbers exist, the sum of the digits of which is even?
A rectangular table is given, in each cell of which a real number is written, and in each row of the table the numbers are arranged in ascending order. Prove that if you arrange the numbers in each column of the table in ascending order, then in the rows of the resulting table, the numbers will still be in ascending order.
Prove the validity of the following formula of Newton’s binom \[(x+y)^n = \binom{n}{0}x^n + \binom{n}{1}x^{n-1}y + \dots + \binom{n}{n}y^n.\]
Think of a way to finish constructing Pascal’s triangle upward.
Calculate the following sums:
a) \(\binom{5}{0} + 2\binom{5}{1} + 2^2\binom{5}{2} + \dots +2^5\binom{5}{5}\);
b) \(\binom{n}{0} - \binom{n}{1} + \dots + (-1)^n\binom{n}{n}\);
c) \(\binom{n}{0} + \binom{n}{1} + \dots + \binom{n}{n}\).
In the expansion of \((x + y)^n\), using the Newton binomial formula, the second term was 240, the third – 720, and the fourth – 1080. Find \(x\), \(y\) and \(n\).