A sequence of natural numbers \(a_1 < a_2 < a_3 < \dots < a_n < \dots\) is such that each natural number is either a term in the sequence, can be expressed as the sum of two terms in the sequence, or perhaps the same term twice. Prove that \(a_n \leq n^2\) for any \(n=1, 2, 3,\dots\)
Let’s call a natural number good if in its decimal record we have the numbers 1, 9, 7, 3 in succession, and bad if otherwise. (For example, the number 197,639,917 is bad and the number 116,519,732 is good.) Prove that there exists a positive integer \(n\) such that among all \(n\)-digit numbers (from \(10^{n-1}\) to \(10^{n-1}\)) there are more good than bad numbers.
Try to find the smallest possible \(n\).
An infinite sequence of digits is given. Prove that for any natural number \(n\) that is relatively prime with a number 10, you can choose a group of consecutive digits, which when written as a sequence of digits, gives a resulting number written by these digits which is divisible by \(n\).
Prove that, for any integer \(n\), among the numbers \(n, n + 1, n + 2, \dots , n + 9\) there is at least one number that is mutually prime with the other nine numbers.
Find the locus of points whose coordinates \((x, y)\) satisfy the relation \(\sin(x + y) = 0\).
The expression \(ax^2+bx+c\) is an exact fourth power for all integers \(x\). Prove that \(a=b=0\).
The numbers \(\lfloor a\rfloor, \lfloor 2a\rfloor, \dots , \lfloor Na\rfloor\) are all different, and the numbers \(\lfloor 1/a\rfloor, \lfloor 2/a\rfloor,\dots , \lfloor M/a\rfloor\) are also all different. Find all such \(a\).
2022 points are selected from a cube, whose edge is equal to 13 units. Is it possible to place a cube with edge of 1 unit in this cube so that there is not one selected point inside it?
Note that if you turn over a sheet on which numbers are written, then the digits 0, 1, 8 will not change and the digits 6 and 9 will switch places, whilst the others will lose their meaning. How many nine-digit numbers exist that do not change when a sheet is turned over?
The number \(A\) is divisible by \(1, 2, 3, \dots , 9\). Prove that if \(2A\) is presented in the form of a sum of some natural numbers smaller than 10, \(2A= a_1 +a_2 +\dots +a_k\), then we can always choose some of the numbers \(a_1, a_2, \dots , a_k\) so that the sum of the chosen numbers is equal to \(A\).