Four children said the following about each other.
Mary: Sarah, Nathan and George solved the problem.
Sarah: Mary, Nathan and George didn’t solve the problem.
Nathan: Mary and Sarah lied.
George: Mary, Sarah and Nathan told the truth.
How many of the children actually told the truth?
A monkey, donkey and goat decided to play a game. They sat in a row, with the monkey on the right. They started to play the violin, but very poorly. They changed places and then the donkey was in the middle. However the violin trio still didn’t sound as they wanted it to. They changed places once more. After changing places 3 times, each of the three “musicians” had a chance to sit in the left, middle and right of the row. Who sat where after the third change of seats?
There is a group of 5 people: Alex, Beatrice, Victor, Gregory and Deborah. Each of them has one of the following codenames: V, W, X, Y, Z. We know that:
Alex is 1 year older than V,
Beatrice is 2 years older than W,
Victor is 3 years older than X,
Gregory is 4 years older than Y.
Who is older and by how much: Deborah or Z?
a) Two in turn put bishops in the cells of a chessboard. The next move must beat at least one empty cell. The bishop also beats the cell in which it is located. The player who loses is the one who cannot make a move.
b) Repeat the same, but with rooks.
There are two piles of sweets: one with 20 sweets and the other with 21 sweets. In one go, one of the piles needs to be eaten, and the second pile is divided into two not necessarily equal piles. The player that cannot make a move loses. Which player wins and which one loses?
The game begins with the number 0. In one go, it is allowed to add to the actual number any natural number from 1 to 9. The winner is the one who gets the number 100.
The order of books on a shelf is called wrong if no three adjacent books are arranged in order of height (either increasing or decreasing). How many wrong orders is it possible to construct from \(n\) books of different heights, if: a) \(n = 4\); b) \(n = 5\)?
An adventurer is travelling to the planet of liars and truth tellers with an official guide and is introduced to a local. “Are you a truth teller?” asked the adventurer. The alien answers “Yrrg,” which means either “yes” or “no”. The adventurer asks the guide for a translation. The guide says “"yrrg" means "yes". I will add that the local is actully a liar.” Is the local alien liar or truth teller?
In a certain realm there are magicians, sorcerers and wizards. The following is known about them: firstly, not all magicians are sorcerers, and secondly, if the wizard is not a sorcerer, then he is not a magician. Is it true that not all magicians are wizards?
A traveller on the planet of liars and truth tellers met four people and asked them: “Who are you?”. They received the following answers:
1st: “We are all liars.”
2nd: “Among us is exactly one liar.”
3rd: “Among us there are two liars.”
4th: “I have never lied and I’m not lying”.
The traveller quickly realised who the fourth resident was. How did they do it?